Ê×Ò³ ¹ú½³¾«Éñ£ºÈÏÕæ¼á³ÖÃÎÏë ³ÇÊй滮ÐÐÒµAPPÏÂÔØ ³£Óù淶 ÌìÆøÓëÈÕÀú Çл»µ½¿í°æ ¿ªÆô¸¨Öú·ÃÎÊ
·¢ÐÂÌû

60¸ö×îеijÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(408Ñо¿Ð¡×é)

2016-12-7 18:02 2 4645 | ¸´ÖÆÁ´½Ó |

·¢ËÍÔ­´´ÎÄÕÂÖÁadmin@caup.net£¬¿ÉÉêÇë×¢²áÑûÇëÂë

ÄúÐèÒª µÇ¼ ²Å¿ÉÒÔÏÂÔØ»ò²é¿´£¬Ã»ÓÐÕʺţ¿×¢²á·½Ê½

x
Source:Planning. Apr2011, Vol. 77 Issue 4, p19-21. 3p.

×÷Õß×ÊÁÏ£ºÇÇÄÉÉ­¡¤°ÍÄÎÌØ£¨Jonathan Barnett£©£¬FAICP£¬³ÇÊкÍÇøÓò¹æ»®½ÌÊÚ£¬±öϦ·¨ÄáÑÇ´óѧ³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆÏîÄ¿Ö÷ÈΣ¬Ëû×î½üµÄÒ»±¾Ê顶³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æ£ºÏÖ´ú£¬´«Í³£¬ÂÌÉ«ºÍϵͳ¹Û¡·£¨City Design: Modern, Traditional, Green, and Systems Perspectives£©£¬ÈýÔ·ÝÓÉRoutledge³ö°æ¡£

ÔÚÃÀ¹ú£¬ÎÒÃÇÓóÇÊй滮¡¢³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æ¡¢³ÇÊÐÑо¿¡¢³ÇÊÐÀúÊ·¡¢³ÇÊÐÉç»áѧÕâЩÊõÓï¡£ÔÚÅ·ÖÞºÍijÖ̶ֳÈÉϵÄÓ¢¹ú£¬ÕâЩ¶ÀÁ¢Ñ§¿Æ¶¼±»ÈÏΪÊdzÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÔÚÃÀ¹úµÄѧÊõÌÖÂÛÖÐÓú·¢Æµ·±¡£µ«ÊdzÇÊÐÖ÷Òå×÷Ϊһ¸öÖ÷Ìâ±»³åÍ»µÄÒâʶÐÎ̬Ëù·Ö¸î£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚÊé¼®¡¢ÎÄÕºͻáÒéÖгöÏÖÔ½À´Ô½¶à²»Í¬µÄ¶¨Òå¡£

²¨ÌØÀ¼ÖÝÁ¢´óѧµÄ¾°¹Û½¨ÖþʦºÍ²©Ê¿Éú½ÜÉ­¡¤½ð£¨Jason King£©ÔÚËûµÄ¡°¾°¹Û+³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò塱²©¿ÍÉÏÁгöÁËÒ»´óÅú³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå¡£ÓÐЩÊdz£¼ûµÄ£¬ÏñгÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåºÍ¾°¹Û³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壻ÓÐЩÔòÊÇÓÉMONU£¨ºÉÀ¼³ö°æµÄ¹ØÓÚ³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄÔÓÖ¾£©»òÆäËûÔÓÖ¾µÄ¼ÇÕß²ûÊ͵ġ£µ«´ó¶àÊýÊÇÓÉÖ§³ÖÕßÍƶ¯µÄ£¬ÔÚijÖ̶ֳÈÉϽâ¾ö³ÇÊкͳÇÊÐÔö³¤µÄÎÊÌ⣬»ò¶¨ÒåÏÖÔÚ³ÇÊл¯ÎÊÌâ¡£

ÕâËùÓеijÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÊÇʲô£¿ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÿһ¸ö¼ò¶ÌµÄÃèÊöÊÇÓɽ𷢱íµÄ£¬¼ÓÉÏÓɳÇÊÐÑо¿ºÍ¹æ»®½ÌÊÚÒÁÉ­¡¤Èø¶û´Ä£¨Ethan Seltzer£©£¬²¨ÌØÀ¼ÖÝÁ¢´óѧµÄ²©Ê¿Ñ§Éú°£ÀïÉ­¡¤µË¿Ï£¨Allison Duncan£©ºÍ²¨ÌØÀ¼¾°¹Û½¨Öþʦ²¼À×ÌØ¡¤Ã×Àû¸ù£¨Brett Milligan£©ËùÌí¼ÓµÄ£¬ÎÒ×Ô¼ºÒ²¼ÓÁ˼¸¸ö¡£

¸ÃÁбí¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ¼¸¸öÖ÷ÒªÀà±ð£º³ÇÊÐϵͳ¡¢ÂÌÉ«ÎÊÌâ¡¢´«Í³³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æ¡¢¹«Æ½ÓëÕþÖΡ£½ÜÉ­¡¤½ðºÍËûµÄͬʲ¢Ã»Óн«ÏÖ´ú³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå×÷Ϊһ¸ö·ÖÀ࣬¿ÉÄÜÓÉÓÚËüÌ«¿í·ºÁË¡£³ÇÊй滮ºÍÉè¼ÆµÄÏÖ´úÖ÷Ò壬ÓÉÏÖ´ú½¨Öþ¹ú¼Ê»áÒ飨Congres Internationaux d'Arcliectecture Moderne£©¶¨Ò壬ÏÖÒѽü90Äê¡£µ«ÊdzÇÊÐÂ¥Óî¡¢¸ßËÙ¹«Â·¡¢³¬´ó½ÖÇøºÍ¶ÀÁ¢µÄÍÁµØÓÃ;ÒѾ­³ÉΪȫÇòÖ÷Á÷£¬¶øÕâЩ¶¼ÊÇÆäËû³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÕßËù·´¶ÔµÄ¡£

ϵͳ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå

Ðí¶à³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò嶼²úÉúÓÚ³ÇÊÐ×÷Ϊϵͳ²úÆ·µÄ¸ÅÄÇÒ³ÇÊÐ×÷ΪϵͳÉè¼ÆÖеÄÎÊÌâ¡£ »ù´¡ÉèÊ©³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Infrastructural Urbanism£©ÊÇ×î³£¼ûµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½20ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´ú£¬Óɽ»Í¨¡¢µçÁ¦¡¢Ë®ºÍÎÀÉúϵͳ֧³ÖµÄ¾ÞÐͽṹµÄ³ÇÊÐÐÎÏó¡£ ÆäÖÐһЩÏîÄ¿¿ÉÒÔ¹éÀàΪδÀ´³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Future Urbanism£©£¬ËüÒÀÍÐÓڴӿƻòåͼµÃµ½µÄδÀ´ÅɸÅÄÆäÖÐδÀ´¸´¹Å³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Retrofuture Urbanism£©ÊÇ50ÄêÇ°»ò¸üÔç֮ǰµÄδÀ´Ô¸¾°¡£

À³Ë¹´óѧÑо¿Éúά¿ËÍС¤À­ÄªË¹µÄÏîÄ¿¡ª¡ªÅÔ·³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Bypass Urbanism£©£¬ÊÇÄ¿Ç°×÷ΪÇÅÁº¾ÞÐͽṹµÄÒ»¸öδÀ´ÅɳÇÊеÄÀý×Ó¡£ »ù´¡ÉèÊ©³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÒ²¿ÉÒÔ°üÀ¨¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚ»ù´¡ÉèÊ©¶Ô³ÇÊÐÐÎ̬µÄÓ°ÏìµÄÒ»°ãÐÔÌÖÂÛ¡£ ²ÎÊý»¯³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Parametric Urbanism£©£¬ÓÉÅÁÌØÀï¿Ë¡¤ÊæÂíºÕ£¨Patrik Schumacher£¬Ôú¹þ¹þµÏµÂ½¨ÖþʦºÏ×÷»ï°é£©¶¨Ò壬ÊÇÒ»¸ö×ÔÉ϶øϵÄϵͳ£¬Óë»ù´¡ÉèÊ©³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÏàËÆ£¬µ«ÊÇÊÇÒÔÒ»¸ö¼ÆËã»úÉú³ÉµÄ½Å±¾È·¶¨µÄ³ÇÊÐÐÎʽ¡£ ÊæÂíºÕÉõÖÁ˵£¬²ÎÊýÖ÷ÒåÊÇÒ»ÖÖеķç¸ñ£¬½«È¡´úÏÖ´úÖ÷ÒåºÍÆäËû³ÇÊеÄÉè¼ÆÀíÄî¡£

ÆäËûϵͳ˼ά²ÉÓÃÏà·´µÄ·½·¨£ºÐÂÐ˳ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Emergent Urbanism£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³ÇÊÐÐÎʽÓɶÀÁ¢ÐÐΪÕß²úÉúµÄ¹æÔòϵͳµÄÆÚÍû£¬ÕâЩ¶ÀÁ¢ÐÐΪÕßµÄÿ¸öÐÐΪ¶¼Óи÷×ÔµÄÄ¿µÄ£¬¾ÍÏñ·äÏä»òÒÏȺÍùÍùÊÇÓÉÆäÖÐijһֻµÄ»î¶¯¶ø±»±©Â¶³öÀ´¡£Ä£Äâ³ÇÊСª¡ªÍþ¶û¡¤ÀµÌØ£¨Will Wright£©Éè¼ÆµÄµçÄÔÓÎÏ·£¬ÊÇÒ»¸öÐÂÐ˳ÇÊеļò»¯Àý×Ó£¬ËüµÄ¹æÔòϵͳÊǹ滮ÈËÔ±ËùÊìϤµÄ£¬ÓëÇøÓò»®·Ö¡¢Ï¸·ÖºÍ×ʱ¾Ô¤ËãÏàËÆ¡£

ÕæÕýµÄ³ÇÊÐҲͨ¹ý·¿µØ²úÊг¡ÔÚÕâЩÏÞÖÆÖ®ÄÚµÄÐж¯À´ÊµÏÖ£¬À§ÄÑÔÚÓÚ³öÏֵĽá¹ûͨ³£²»ÊÇ×îÀíÏëµÄ¡£ Êг¡³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Market Urbanism£©£¬·±Ö³³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Propagative Urbanism£©ºÍÐÐΪ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Behavioral Urbanism£©ÊǹØÓÚÓÅ»¯×Ô϶øÉϵijÇÊÐÐÎ̬¡£±àÖ¯³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Braided Urbanism£©Òâʶµ½Éú³É³ÇÊк͵Ť×÷ϵͳµÄ¶àÑùÐÔ£¬Ëü»¹°üÀ¨ÇúÏß³ÇÊÐÐÎʽÏ໥½»Ö¯µÄÏîÄ¿¡£

0?wx_fmt=png.jpg


×óͼ£º·±Ö³³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壺һ¸ö¿ÉÒÔÊÊÓ¦²»Í¬ÓÃ;ºÍÌõ¼þµÄ¹ã³¡µÄ²åͼ¡£

ÓÒͼ£ºÂí¿Ë¡¤Ð»Æյ£¨Mark Shepard£©½ÌÊÚµÄÖ¸µ¼µÄÒ»¸ö2009ÄêÔÚÑô¹âˮţ³Ç£¨SUNY Buffalo£©µÄ¹¤×÷ÊÒÏîÄ¿¡£

Êý×Ö»¯³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(Digital Urbanism)ºÍ·ÖÀëʽ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(Disconnected Urbanism)£¬ÕýÈçÍþÁ®¡¤Ã×ÇжûÔÚ1999ÄêµÄÊ顶µç×ÓÎÚÍа³ÇÊÐÉú»î£¬½ºÆ¬¡ªµ«²»ÊÇÎÒÃÇËùÖªµÀµÄÄÇÑù¡·£¨E-topia: Urban life, fim - But Not as We Know It£©ÖеÄÌÖÂÛ£¨µ«²»ÔÚÕâЩ±êÌâÌÖÂÛ·¶Î§ÄÚ£©£¬¹Ø×¢»¥ÁªÍøÔÚÒÔ֮ǰ²»¿ÉÄܵķ½Ê½¹ØÁªÏÖʵµØµãµÄÓ°Ïì¡£ ÍøÂ绯³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Networked Urbanism£©¸üÏñÊÇÄÇô»ØÊ£¬ËüÊÇ2008ÄêÓÉͼ¶û¼Ó¡¤²©ÀÊ£¨Talja Bloldand£©ºÍÂó¿Ë¡¤ÈøάÆ棨Mike Savage£©Ö÷±àµÄ¹ØÓÚ³ÇÊÐÉç»á×ʱ¾ÂÛÎĵıêÌâ¡£

ÂÌÉ«³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå

²é¶û˹¡¤ÎÖ¶ûµÂÄ·£¨Charles Waldheim£©ÒýÓÃÁË2006Ä꡶¾°¹Û³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄ¶ÁÕß¡·£¨ The Landscape Urbanism Reader£©Ò»Ê飬ָ³ö¡°¾°¹Û³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÃèÊöÁËÒ»¸öÄ¿Ç°ÕýÔÚ½øÐеÄѧ¿ÆÖØ×顪¡ª¾°¹ÛÈ¡´úÁ˽¨Öþ×÷Ϊµ±´ú³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄ»ù±¾½¨Ôìµ¥Ôª¡£¡± Õâ¸öÁìÓòÉùÃ÷£¬×÷Ϊ³ÇÊкÍÇøÓò¹æ»®Ê¦µÄȤÎÅ£¬»îÔ¾Á˾°¹Û³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄÌÖÂÛ; ÖØÒªµÄÉè¼Æ¡¢Ñо¿ºÍÌÖÂÛÒ²ÔÚÕâ¸ö±êÌⷶΧÄÚ¡£

ÂÌÉ«³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Green urbanisms£©£¬¸¥¼ªÄáÑÇ´óѧ½ÌÊÚµÙĪÎ÷¡¤±ÈÌØÀû£¨Timothy Beatley£©µÄÒ»±¾ÊéµÄÊéÃû£¬¹ØÓÚÅ·ÖÞ×ÔȻϵͳµÄÓ¦Ó÷½Ê½Ê¹³ÇÊиü¾ß¿É³ÖÐøÐÔ£¬ÊÇÒ»¸ö¸ü¾ß°üÈÝÐÔµÄÊõÓÓÃÓÚÃèÊö³ÇÊй滮ºÍÉè¼ÆÖпÉʵʩÇÒÓÐЧµÄ»úÖÆ¡£

¿É³ÖÐø³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Sustainable Urbanism£©½«³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆºÍ¿ª·¢½áºÏÒÔ·ÀÖ¹Õû¸öµØÇò±äµÃ²»ÊʺÏÈËÀà¾Óס£¬²¢¸ÅÊöÁ˵±Ç°³ÇÊз¢Õ¹Ä£Ê½µÄÖØ´ó±ä»¯¡£ »·¾³³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Environmental Urbanism£©£¬»ªÊ¢¶Ù´óѧ×î½üÒ»´Î»áÒéµÄÒéÌ⣬²ûÊöÁ˽«³ÇÊÐ×÷Ϊ×ÔÈ»»·¾³µÄ×é³É²¿·ÖµÄ³¢ÊÔ¡£

Éú̬³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Ecological Urbanism£©ÊÇÁíÒ»¸ö½üÆÚÔÚ¹þ·ð¾Ù°ìµÄ»áÒéµÄÒéÌ⣬ÏÖÒÑÊÕ¼¯µ½ÊéÖС£ Óë¾°¹Û³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÒ»Ñù£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÁìÓòÉùÃ÷£¬µ«Ëü´ú±íµÄÊǹþ·ðÉè¼ÆѧԺµÄËùÓÐѧ¿Æ£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨¹æ»®£¬×÷Ϊ×ðÖØ×ÔÈ»Éú̬µÄÐèÒª£¬¿ìËÙÔö³¤µÄÈË¿ÚµÄÐèÇóºÍ³ÇÊл¯Ö®¼äµÄµ÷½âÕß¡£

MONUÔÓÖ¾ÖÂÁ¦ÓÚÇå½à³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Clean Urbanism£©ÎÊÌ⣬»òÓÐʱ±»³ÆΪÁã×ã¼££¨zerofootprint£©·¢Õ¹£º³ÇÊС¢Ë®¡¢ÄÜÔ´ºÍÆäËûÐèÇóµÄ×îС»¯ÒÔ¼°À¬»øµÄ×îÉÙ»¯¡£ Å©Òµ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Agricultural Urbanism£©ÊǹØÓÚÅ©ÒµÓë³ÇÊеÄÒ»Ì廯£¬ ÃèÊöΪ³ÇÊÐÅ©Òµ£¨urban agriculture£©»ò³ÇÊиû×÷£¨urban farming£©¸üÇ¡µ±£¬ÓÐÒ»¸ö¿É³ÖÐøÐÔµÄÌÖÂÛÕýÔÚ½øÐУº¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇ´óѧ½ÌÊڵϿËÉ­¡¤µÂ²¨Ãܶû£¨Dickson Despommier£©³«µ¼ÒÀÍÐÓÚרҵ»¯µÄ³ÇÊнṹµÄ´¹Ö±Å©Òµ£¬´ÓÉçÇø»¨Ô°µ½ÖÖֲʳÎïµÄÂÌÉ«Îݶ¥ºÍÇ°ºóÔº¡£

ËüÒ²ÊǹØÓÚÀí½âÁ¸Ê³Éú²ú×÷Ϊһ¸öÓë¾ÛÂäÐÎ̬ ÐγÉÏà¹ØµÄϵͳ£¬ »òÐíÓÉÓÚÅ©³¡ºÍ»¨Ô°×÷Ϊ´«Í³³ÇÊеÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£°²µÂÀ×˹¡¤¶Å°²ÒÁ£¨Andres Duany£©×î½ü³ÉΪũҵ³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄ³«µ¼Õß¡£

´«Í³³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå

¶Å°²ÒÁ×÷Ϊ1993ÄêгÇÊÐÖ÷Òå´ó»áµÄ´´Ê¼ÈËÖ®Ò»£¬±»¹«ÈÏΪгÇÊÐÖ÷Ò峫µ¼Õßͬʱ×÷Ϊһ¸öרҵµÄÉè¼ÆÈËÔ±£¬Ëû¶¨ÒåÁËгÇÊÐÖ÷Òå¡£CNUÊǹØÓÚ³ÇÊеÄδÀ´Ðí¶àÓмÛÖµµÄÌÖÂÛµÄÂÛ̳£¬ÇÒгÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÒ²ÒѳÉΪARA¡¢³ÇÊÐÍÁµØЭ»áºÍÈ«¹ú½¨ÎÝÕßЭ»áµÄÖØÒªÖ÷Ì⡣ì¶ÜµÄÊÇ£¬Ð³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄгɹûÊÇÖØз¢ÏÖ¿Õ¼äÓɽ¨ÖþÎï½ç¶¨µÄ´«Í³½ÖµÀµÄÓÅÊÆ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÈËÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¹ØÁªºÍʹÓõĹ«¹²¿Õ¼äµÄ¼ÛÖµ¡£

´«Í³³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Traditional Urbanism£©ÓëгÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÓÐÐí¶à¹²Í¬Ö®´¦£¬³ýÁËËüµÄ³«µ¼Õߣ¬±ÈÈ罨ÖþʦºÍ³ÇÊй滮ʦÀ³°º¡¤¿ËÀï¶û£¨Leon Krier£©£¬Ëû²»½öÇ´ÔðÏÖ´úÖ÷ÒåµÄ½¨ÖþÉè¼ÆºÍ¹æ»®£¬»¹Ç´ÔðÁËÆû³µ¡¢µçÌݺ͸ֽṹ¡£

ÁíÒ»¸öÏà¹ØµÄ¸ÅÄîÊÇÒ˲½ÐгÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Walkable Urbanism£©£¬×÷ΪгÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåºÍ»ùÓÚÒ×ʶ±ðµÄ½»Í¨µ¼ÏòÉè¼ÆµÄÖص㡣¿ËÀï˹¶à·ò¡¤À³Òò±´¸ñ¶û£¨Christopher Leinberger£©ÔÚËû×î½üµÄÒ»±¾Ê顶³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡·(The Option of Urbanism)ÖвûÊö£¬ÈËÃÇ´Ó¼ÒÀï²½Ðе½¹¤×÷µØµã±Ø¾­»òÕßÖ»ÊÇ·¹ýµÄ·¶Î£¬ÒÔ¼°´Ó¼ÒÀï»ò°ì¹«ÊÒµ½ÁãÊÛµê»òÓéÀÖÉèÊ©µÄ·¶Î£¬¶¼¾ßÓзdz£Ç¿´óµÄÉÌÒµÊг¡Ç±ÄÜ¡£ ¸ù¾ÝÀ³Òò±´¸ñ¶ûµÄ˵·¨£¬È»¶øÕâÖÖ·¢Õ¹³£³£±»·¨¹æºÍÊг¡Êµ¼ùÖƶȻ¯Ëù×è°­¡£

ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÓÉÓÚÈÔÈ»ÓÐ×Å´óÁ¿µÄÍÁµØ£¬Ð³ÇÊн¼Çø»¯Ö÷Ò壨New Suburbanism£©Ç¿ÁÒ·´¶ÔÄÇÖÖºôÓõ¸ü¶à¼¯Öпª·¢µ¼Ö»·¾³Î¬»¤»òÍÁµØ¸ßЧÀûÓõÄÐÐΪ¡£ËüÊÇ´«Í³µÄ£¬µ«È´Óв»Í¬µÄÒâÒå¡£ ·´³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨anti-urbanism£©Í¨³£¶Ô³ÇÊб§ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ²»Ï²»¶»òÆ«¼û£¬µ«ÕýÈç°¬Ã×Àö•ËþÂ×ÔÚËýµÄ¡¶Ð³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåºÍÃÀ¹ú¹æ»®¡·£¨New Urbanism and American Planning£©Ò»ÊéÖÐËù¶¨ÒåµÄÄÇÑù£¬·´³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÔÚ¸ßËÙ·ºÍÆäËûÕûÌåʽԪËØ£¬°üÀ¨¶àÑùÐÔ¡¢ÈËÀà¹æÄ£¡¢¹«¹²ÁìÓòµÈÖоÓÓÚÊ×ÒªµØλ¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬ÏÖ´úÖ÷Òå³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆµÄ»ù±¾Ô­Ôò±»¶¨ÒåΪ·´³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壬¶ø²»ÊÇ´«Í³µÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå¡£

¶þÁ÷³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Second-Rate Urbanism£©ÏÔÈ»ÊÇÒ»Á÷³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄµÐÈË£¬²¢ÇÒ±»´«Í³³ÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄ³«µ¼ÕßÐÞÊÎʹÓá£

ÉçÇø³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå

ÁíÒ»¸öÖ÷ÒªÀàÐ͵ijÇÊÐÖ÷Ò峫µ¼ÉçÇø¾ö²ßµÄȨÁ¦£¬ÈçÕòÉϵĻáÒé¡£ ²ÎÓëʽ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Participatory Urbanism£©Êǹ«Ãñ²ÎÓëµÄ²úÎï¡£ »ùÓÚÏû·ÑÕߵijÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Consumer-Based Urbanism£©¡¢DIY³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Do It Yourself  Urbanism£©¡¢·ÇÕýʽ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Informal Urbanism£©¡¢¿ªÔ´³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Open Source Urbanism£©ºÍ»ú»áÐͳÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Opportunistic Urbanism£©¶¼²ûÊöÁËÔ´ÓÚ¹«ÖڵijÇÊг«Òé¡£ Óλ÷³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Guerilla Urbanism£©ºÍ¼ªÆÕÈü³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Gypsy Urbanism£©ÊÇÒƾӻò½ÓÌæ³ÇÊÐÇøλ¡£ ¼´Ê±³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Instant Urbanism£©Í¨¹ýÖ±½ÓÐж¯½øÐÐÉçÇø²ÎÓ룬ͨ³£Ê¹ÓÃÔ¤Öƹ¹½¨Ä£¿é¡£

0?wx_fmt=jpeg.jpg

Óλ÷³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壺ͣ³µ³¡£¬ÀװͶûÒÕÊõ¹«Ë¾£¨Rebar Art Collective£©µÄ²åͼ£¬Ê¥¸¥ÀÊÎ÷˹¿Æ£¬2006Äê9ÔÂ21ÈÕ¡£

µ¯³öʽ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Pop-Up Urbanism£©ºÍÁÙʱ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Temporary Urbanism£©ÊÇָʹÓÃÁÙʱ³ÇÊÐÌî³äÏîÄ¿¡£ÈÕ³£³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Everyday Urbanism£©Òâʶµ½·ÇÕý¹æÉÌÒµºÍ»ùÓÚÉçÇøµÄŬÁ¦£¨Èçµ±µØÊг¡£©µÄ¼ÛÖµ, ËüÒ²ÊÇ·¨¹úÕÜѧ¼ÒºÍÉç»áѧ¼ÒºàÀû¡¤ÀշѸ¥¶û£¨Henri Lefebvre£©ËùÈÏͬµÄ·½Ïò£¬ËûдÁ˺ܶà¹ØÓÚÈÕ³£Éú»î£¨la vie quotidienne£©µÄÎÄÕ¡£Òì¹ú³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Exotic Urbanism£©¡ª¡ªMONUÔÓÖ¾ËùʹÓùýµÄÒ»¸ö±êÌ⣬ǴÔ𲻵صÀºÍ²»ÕæʵµÄÊÂÎï¡£¼¤½ø³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Radical Urbanism£©Ì½Ë÷ÆÕͨ¹«Ãñ³ÇÊÐÕÆȨµÄ·½·¨£¬ÊÇ2008ÄêŦԼ³ÇÊдóѧÑо¿ÉúÔºµÄÒ»´Î»áÒéµÄÒéÌâ¡£

Æ´×°³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Bricole Urbanism£©Êǽ«Ð²ÄÁÏ×éºÏÔÚÒ»Æð¡£Æ´×°ÊÇ¿ÂÁÖ¡¤ÂÞ£¨Colin Rowe£©ºÍ¸¥À׵¡¤¿ËÌضû£¨Fred Koetter£©ÔÚ1979ÄêµÄÊ顶ƴÌù³ÇÊС·£¨Collage City£©ÖÐÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆµÄÒ»¸ö±í´ï¡£Ëü·´¶ÔÏÖ´úÖ÷Òå¹ØÓÚÏÖÓгÇÊÐÓ¦±»´Ý»ÙºÍÒѽ¨Á¢µÄÉçÇøÓ¦±»È¡´úµÄ¼ÙÉè¡£DIY¶¼ÊÐÖ÷ÒåÒ²¿ÉÒÔ³ÆΪƴװ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壬ÒòΪƴװҲ¿ÉÒÔÊÇÐÞÐÞ²¹²¹µÄÒâ˼£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ·¨ÓïµÄÐÞÀí½³¡£Ä¿Ç°ÓÐÒ»¸ö²©¿Í¾Í½ÐÆ´×°³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Bricoleurbanism£©¡£

ħ»Ã³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Magical Urbanism£©ÊÇÂõ¿Ë¡¤´÷ά˹£¨Mike Davis£©Ò»±¾ÊéµÄÊéÃû£¬ÃèÊöµÚÒ»ÊÀ½çºÍµÚÈýÊÀ½ç³ÇÊÐͬʱ´æÔÚµÄÀ­¶¡ÃÀÖÞ³ÇÊÐÎÄ»¯£¬Ïñ¼«ÁËÎÄѧÖеÄħ»ÃÏÖʵÖ÷Ò塣ƶÃñ¿ß³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Slum Urbanism£©ÈÏʶµ½Æ¶Ãñ¿ßÓë¹Ù·½µÄ³ÇÊÐÓÐÒ»¸öƽÐеĽṹ£¬ËüÓëÖÚ²»Í¬µÄ¼ÛÖµ¿ÉÄÜÓÐÆä×ÔÉíµÄÒâÒå¡£

Éç»áÕþÖγÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Sociopolitical urbanisms£©

±çÖ¤µÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Dialectical Urbanism£©ÃèÊöÁ˳ÇÊÐÕþÖεÄì¶Ü¡£ÕþÖγÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Political Urbanism£©´ó¸ÅÊdzÇÊÐÐÎ̬ÕþÖÎÍ×Э¡£ÓÅÃÀµÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Beautiful Urbanism£©ÊÇÂåÉ¼í¶½¨ÖþʦƤ°£¶û¡¤°²¼ªÀû˹£¨Pierre de Angelis£©ÔÚMONUÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ·¢±íµÄһƪÎÄÕµıêÌ⣬ÂÛÖ¤ÁËÃÀ¹ú³ÇÊÐÃÀ»¯Ô˶¯ÊÇÉç»á¿ØÖƵIJúÎ³ÇÊÐÃÀµÄ¶¨ÒåÐèÒª¹«¿ª»¯ÇÒÓë½ø²½Ë¼ÏëÁªÏµ¡£ÕæʵµÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Real Urbanism£©Ò²ÊÇÒ»¸ö·´¶ÔÀíÏë³ÇÊеıíÊö£¬ÒòΪÀíÏë³ÇÊÐÖ»ÊÇÓÐÀûÓÚСÍÅÌåµÄŤÇúµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£

·ñÈϵijÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Denied Urbanism£©£¬MONUÔÓÖ¾µÄÁíÒ»¸ö±êÌ⣬ָ³ÇÊÐÉú»îµÄÒÅÍü£¬ÅųâºÍѹÒÖµÄÐÎʽ¡£Éç»áѧ¼ÒÀí²éµÂ¡¤ÈûÄÉÌØ£¨Richard Sennett£©ÔÚËû1991ÄêµÄÊ顶ÑÛ¾¦µÄÒâʶ¡·£¨The Conscience of the Eye£©ÖÐÃèÊöÁËËû´Ó¸ñÁÖÍþÖδåÉ¢²½µ½ÊÐÖÐÐÄ£¬Óöµ½ÖîÈç±Þñ±¡¢°Ù»õÉ̵êÂò¼ÒºÍÀÏÈËÉç»áÃûÁ÷µÈÉç»áÍÅÌå¡£

²»¸ºÔðÈεijÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Irresponsible Urbanism£©ÊÇÆäËûÈËÕýÔÚ×öµÄÊ£¬µ«±»ºÉÀ¼½¨ÖþʦÀ×Ä·¡¤¿â¹þ˹£¨Rem Koolhaas£©Ìá¸ßµ½Ò»¸öÀíÂ۸߶ȣ¬ËûÚ¹ÊÍÁ˽«ÏÖ´ú³ÇÊÐÀ©ÕÅ×÷ΪÁ¬Ðøʧ°ÜµÄÖ¤¾ÝÀ´¿ØÖÆËü¡£¡°ÓÉÓÚÎÒÃÇÊDz»¸ºÔðÈεģ¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃDZØÐë³ÉΪ²»¸ºÔðÈεġ±£¬ËûÔÚһƪÎÄÕÂÖжÏÑÔ¡£ÔÚËû1995Ä꡶S M L XL¡·Ò»ÊéÖУ¬Ð´µ½¡°³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò嶼·¢Éú¹ýʲô£¿¡±

ÖØ×é³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Recombinant Urbanism£©ÊÇ´óÎÀ¡¤¸ñÀ×Ä·¡¤Ð¤¶÷Ò»±¾ÊéµÄÊéÃû£¬ÔÚÊéÖÐËûÂÛÖ¤ÁË¿â¹þ˹Ëù¿´µ½µÄËùÓгÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåµÄ½âÌåÊÇÐÂģʽÕæÕýµÄת±ä¡£µ¥Ò»µÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Unitary Urbanism£©Ô¤¼ûÒÕÊõÈÚÈë³ÇÊн«»á³¬Ô½¹¦ÄÜÐÔÎÊÌâºÍÕþÖÎÇø·Ö¡£

±êÌâ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Headline urbanisms£©

һЩÃûµ¥ÉϵijÇÊÐÖ÷ÒåÊÇÕæÕýµÄ±êÌ⣬ֻÊÇÃèÊöÒ»ÖÖÇé¿ö£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÌض¨Ì¬¶È»òÕ߹۵㡣´ó³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Big Urbanism£©ÊÇŦԼʱ±¨ÔÚ2006ÄêʹÓõıêÌ⣬²ûÊöÁ˳ÇÊÐÏîÄ¿ÂõÏò¸ü´ó¹æÄ£µÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£ÉñÊ¥µÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Holy Urbanism£©ÊÇMONUµÄ´´ÔìµÄ´Ê£¬¹ØÓÚ×Ú½Ì×éÖ¯ÓµÓдóÁ¿³ÇÊвƲú¡£´ÖÒ°µÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(Brutal Urbanism£©ÊÇMONUµÄÁíÒ»¸ö±êÌ⣬ÊÕ¼ÁËһЩ¹ØÓÚ³ÇÊÐÖб©Á¦ÐÐΪºÍ·´Éç»áÐÐΪµÄÎÄÕ¡£¸¶·Ñ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Paid Urbanism£©ÊDz¹Ìù¶Ô³ÇÊÐÓ°ÏìµÄ±êÌâ¡£

±ß½ç³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Border Urbanism£©»ò¿ç±ß½ç³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Trans-Border Urbanism£©ÊÇ¿çÔ½¹ú¼Ò±ß½ç»òÖݱ߽ç³ÇÊÐÇøÓòµÄ±êÇ©¡£ºË³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Nuclear Urbanism£©ÊÇÖ¸Ô­×Óµ¯¶Ô³ÇÊÐÔì³ÉË𺦵ÄÄ£Ä⣬¶ø΢¹Û³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壨Micro Urbanism£©ÔòÊǾÓÃñÈËÊýÉÙÓÚ25ÍòµÄ³ÇÊУ¬ Ëü¿ÉÒÔ±»ÓÃÓÚÑо¿³ÇÊÐ×Ó¼¯¡£

Öвú½×¼¶³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(Middle Class Urbanism)£¬ÈÔÈ»À´×ÔMONU£¬È·¶¨ÁËÖвú½×¼¶×÷Ϊ³ÇÊÐÐÎʽ×î´óµÄÓ°ÏìÒòËØ¡£Á¢Ìå³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(Stereoscopic Urbanism)ÊǹØÓÚÉùÒô¶ÔÓëÀí½â³ÇÊеÄÖØÒªÐԵıêÌâ¡£´´É˺ó³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå(Post-Traumatic Urbanism)ÊǹØÓÚÕ½Õù»ò×ÔÈ»ÔÖº¦ºóÖؽ¨µÄ±êÌâ¡£

ΪʲôÓÐÕâô¶à³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壿

ÁùÊ®¸ö³ÇÊÐÖ÷Ò壬²¢ÇÒÔÚдÕâƪÎÄÕµĹý³ÌÖÐÎÒ·¢ÏÖ¿ÉÒÔÌí¼Ó¸ü¶àµÄ³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òå¡£ ³ÇÊÐÖÐÿ¸ö¿É±æ±ðµÄÌØÕ÷¶¼Óи÷×ÔµÄÀà±ð£¬ÔÚ·¢Õ¹¹ý³ÌÖзñ¶¨×ÔÎÒ¡£ ´ó¶àÊý³ÇÊÐÖ÷Òåʵ¼ÊÉÏÊǹØÓÚ±£»¤»·¾³¡¢´«Í³³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æ¡¢³ÇÊÐϵͳÉçÇø²ÎÓë»ò³ÇÊбä¸üµÄÕþ²ß£¬µ«ÕâЩ½Ï´óµÄÀà±ðÖ®¼ä²¢²»Ï໥Åų⡣

¾ßÓÐÇ¿´óÉçÇø²ÎÓë»ù´¡µÄÑо¿¿ÉÒÔÀûÓô«Í³µÄÉè¼ÆÔªËغͻ·¾³±£»¤Ô­Ôò£¬È¥ÎªÐµķ¨¹æ£¬½»Í¨ÍøÂç»òÆäËû³ÇÊÐϵͳ»ñµÃÕþÖÎÈÏͬ¡£ÕýÈç¹æ»®µÄ¶ÁÕßËùÖª£¬ÕâЩ×éºÏÎÞʱÎ޿̲»ÔÚ·¢Éú¡£

·­Ò룺֣  æà | ͬ¼Ã´óѧ²©Ê¿Ñо¿Éú  
У¶Ô£ºÐìÀÚÇà | ͬ¼Ã´óѧ½¨Öþϵ½ÌÊÚ¡¢408Ñо¿Ð¡×éÖ÷ÈÎ



640?wx_fmt=jpeg.jpg
640?.jpg


ÆÀ·Ö

1

²é¿´È«²¿ÆÀ·Ö

±¾Õ¾·¢Ìû¡¢ÁôÑÔ¹¦ÄÜÒѹرգ¬½»Á÷»¶Ó­¼ÓÈë¹ú½³³Ç֪ʶÐÇÇòAPPÌÖÂÛ¡£ÖªÊ¶ÐÇÇòΪѧϰÐ͸¶·ÑÉçȺ¡£ÔÚ¸÷´óÓ¦ÓÃÉ̵êËÑË÷¼´¿ÉÏÂÔØ°²×°¡£Î¢ÐÅɨÂë¼ÓÈë¡££¨ÂÛ̳Àཻ»¥ÍøÕ¾ÒѲ»Âú×ãÏà¹ØÕþ²ßÒªÇó£¬Òò´Ë·¢ÌûÓëÁôÑԹرգ¬¸Ðл´ó¼ÒµÄÀí½â£©
³ÇÊй滮ѧÉç
299Ôª/Äê
¹úÍÁ¿Õ¼äѧÉç
99Ôª/Äê
³ÇÊÐÊý¾ÝѧÉç
299Ôª/Äê
¹æ»®¹ÜÀíÑÐÌÖ
50Ôª/Äê

2»Ø¸´

¹æ»®ÈË ·¢±íÓÚ 2016-12-9 12:41:47 | ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã | ¾Ù±¨
ºÃÌù ¼ÌÐø·ÖÏí
MAKINGKONG ·¢±íÓÚ 2016-12-21 09:17:49 | ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã | ¾Ù±¨
Èç¹ûÂ¥Ö÷°ÑÕâЩÖ÷ÒåÒý½øÏêϸµÄÁ´½Ó»áÏԵò©ÎĸüΪ³äʵ
ÄúÐèÒªµÇ¼ºó²Å¿ÉÒÔ»ØÌû µÇ¼ | ×¢²á·½Ê½

±¾°æ»ý·Ö¹æÔò


¹æ»®ÔÆÊ×Ò³
¹æ»®ÐÐÒµËÑË÷ÒýÇæ ¶à·ç¸ñµØͼµ×ͼ mapv POI²éѯ¹¤¾ß ½»Í¨Ì¬Êƹ¤¾ß getxy ÔÚÏßЭ×÷¹¤¾ß ÒâÏòͼƬËÑË÷ Ï߸å×Ô¶¯ÉÏÉ« ¶ÏÃæ»æÖƹ¤¾ß ´ÊƵͳ¼Æ¹¤¾ß style fenxitupeise upnews ¹ú½³³Ç xuetang data
¿ìËٻظ´ 2 ·µ»ØÁÐ±í ·µ»Ø¶¥²¿