Ê×Ò³
¹ú½³¾«Éñ£ºÈÏÕæ¼á³ÖÃÎÏë
³ÇÊй滮ÐÐÒµAPPÏÂÔØ
³£Óù淶
ÌìÆøÓëÈÕÀú
Çл»µ½¿í°æ
¿ªÆô¸¨Öú·ÃÎÊ
怬
×¢²á·½Ê½
Õþ²ß
Policy
ÌÖÂÛ
Discuss
ÎÊ´ð
Q & A
Ö°Òµ
Career
¿¼ÊÔ
Exam
ÕÐƸ
Jobs
ÍøÕ¾
Site
µØÇø
City
ѧÉç
VIP
ËÑË÷
Search
+ ¹¦ÄÜ
Common
°¸ÀýµØͼ
Casemap
¹ú½³Ñ§ÌÃ
Study
¹úÍÁ¿Õ¼ä¹æ»®
³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æ
´åׯ¹æ»®
³ÇÊиüÐÂ
·½°¸ÌÖÂÛ
ѧУרÇø
ÐÐÒµ»°Ìâ
¹æ»®±àÖÆ
¹æ»®ÉóÅú
ʵʩ¼à¶½
ÆäËûÎÊÌâ
¿Õ¼ä¹æ»®Ê¦
³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æʦ
³ÇÊÐÊý¾Ýʦ
ÉçÇø¹æ»®Ê¦
×¢¹æ
¿¼ÑÐ
¿¼²©
·ÖÎöͼ¡ª¡ª·ÖÎöͼÅäÉ«
¿´×ÊѶ¡ª¡ª¹æ»®Í·ÌõÍø
ѧÊý¾Ý¡ª¡ª³ÇÊÐÊý¾ÝÈË
ËÑ×ÊÔ´¡ª¡ª¹æ»®ÔÆËÑË÷
ÒâÏòͼ¡ª¡ª¶àËÑËÑͼƬËÑË÷
==È«²¿µØÇø==
±±¾©³ÇÊй滮
ÉϺ£³ÇÊй滮
Ìì½ò³ÇÊй滮
ÖØÇì³ÇÊй滮
²é¿´È«²¿³ÇÊÐ
³ÇÊй滮ѧÉç
³ÇÊÐÊý¾ÝѧÉç
¿ªÍ¨Ñ§ÉçȨÏÞ
¹æ»®ÔÆÖÇÄÜËÑË÷
Õþ¸®ÍøÕ¾ËÑË÷
ÂÛÎÄËÑË÷
¿Î³ÌËÑË÷
ÊÓƵËÑË÷
¹ºÎïËÑË÷
English Search
+ ·¢Ìû×Ó
+ дÈÕÖ¾
- ÎҵĶ¯Ì¬
- ¸öÈËÖ÷Ò³
x ×îлظ´
x ×îÐÂÌû×Ó
x ÎÒµÄÌû×Ó
»
ÂÛ̳
›
³£Óðæ¿é
›
¹úÍÁ¿Õ¼ä¹æ»®£¨¿Õ¼ä¹æ»®Ê¦£©
›
»°Ì⣺¹úÍâ³ÇÊй滮ѧ¿ÆÓÐÄÄЩÑо¿ÈȵãÓëÇ÷ÊÆ£¿
admin
¹úÍÁ¿Õ¼ä¹æ»®£¨¿Õ¼ä¹æ»®Ê¦£©
¶©ÔÄ
|
ÊÕ²Ø
(
311
)
»°Ì⣺¹úÍâ³ÇÊй滮ѧ¿ÆÓÐÄÄЩÑо¿ÈȵãÓëÇ÷ÊÆ£¿
2019-2-12 11:14
5
12890
|
¸´ÖÆÁ´½Ó
|
��������
ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã
ÔĶÁģʽ
跳转到指定楼层
·¢ËÍÔ´´ÎÄÕÂÖÁadmin@caup.net£¬¿ÉÉêÇë×¢²áÑûÇëÂë
ÄúÐèÒª
怬
²Å¿ÉÒÔÏÂÔØ»ò²é¿´£¬Ã»ÓÐÕʺţ¿
×¢²á·½Ê½
x
½ñÈÕ·ÖÏíµÄ»°Ì⣬À´×Ôţͨ£¬ÁõÓ±£¬ÅËÔóÇ¿£¬µÈ£®¡¶¹úÍâ³ÇÊй滮ѧ¿ÆÑо¿ÈȵãÓëÇ÷ÊÆ ¡ª »ùÓÚ6ÖÖÖ÷Á÷¹æ»®ÀàÆÚ¿¯µÄ¼ÆÁ¿Ñо¿¡·[J]£®¹æ»®Ê¦£¬2019(2)£º91-98£®
ÎÄÕÂͨ¹ý¶Ô¹úÍâµÄÆÚ¿¯Ñо¿£¬×ܽá³öÁËÑо¿ÈȵãºÍÇ÷ÊÆ£¬½ö¹©²Î¿¼¡£ËäÈ»Ñо¿µÄÈȵãºÍÏîÄ¿µÄÈȵ㲻¾¡Ïàͬ£¬µ«ÊÇÒ²´ú±íÁËÒ»ÖÖÇ÷ÊÆ£¬ÖµµÃѧϰÏ¡£
£¨Ò»£©Ñо¿Èȵã
¹Ø¼ü´Ê(Keyword)ÊÇ×÷Õ߶ÔÎÄÕÂÄÚÈݵĸÅÀ¨ºÍ¾«Á¶£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ±í´ïÎÄÕµÄÖ÷ÌâÄÚÈÝ£¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇ´Ó´«µÝÐÅÏ¢½Ç¶È»¹ÊÇ´Ó´¢´æÐÅÏ¢½Ç¶È¿´£¬¹Ø¼ü´Ê¶¼¸øÎÄÏ׵Ĵ¢´æºÍ¼ìË÷´øÀ´¼«´óµÄ·½±ã¡£Òò´Ë£¬¶Ô¹Ø¼ü´Ê½øÐоۺϷÖÎö¼´¿ÉµÃ³ö½ü¼¸ÄêµÄÑо¿ÈȵãºÍÑо¿Ç÷ÊÆ¡£±ÊÕß½« 3 434 ƪÎÄÕµıêÌâ¡¢ÕªÒªºÍ¹Ø¼ü´ÊµÈÐÅÏ¢ÊäÈëCiteSpaceÈí¼þ£¬Ñ¡Ôñÿ¸öʱ¼ä·Ö¸îÖÐƵ´Î×î¸ß(5%)µÄÃû´Ê¶ÌÓµÃµ½Óɹؼü´ÊºÍÃû´Ê¶ÌÓïÉú³ÉµÄ¾ÛÀàÊÓͼ£¬²¢µ¼³öÕûÀí³ÉÑо¿ÈȵãÐÅÏ¢¡£
ÌÞ³ý³ÇÊй滮 (Urban Planning)¡¢³Ç ÊÐ (Urban)¡¢ Éè ¼Æ (Design)¡¢ ¾ ¼Ã(Economics)¡¢Ö²Îï(Plants)µÈº¬Òå½ÏΪ¿í·ºµÄ´Ê»ã£¬¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖÑо¿ÈȵãÖ÷Òª¼¯ÖÐÓڹ滮ÀíÂÛ(Planning Theory£¬208´Î)¡¢¹æ»®Êµ¼ù(Planning Practice£¬184´Î)¡¢ÁÚÀï(Neighborhood£¬183´Î)¡¢¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹(Sustainability£¬144´Î)¡¢³ÇÊÐÕþ²ß(Urban Policy£¬129´Î)ºÍ³ÇÊÐÉú̬ϵͳ(Urban Ecosystem£¬66´Î)µÈ¡£
£¨¶þ£©Ñо¿Ç÷ÊÆ
ͨ¹ý¶Ô¹Ø¼ü´Ê½øÐÐʱ¼äÐòÁзÖÎö£¬¿ÉÒԵõ½¹Ø¼ü´ÊµÄ±ä»¯Çé¿ö£¬½ø¶øµÃ³ö³ÇÊй滮Ñо¿µÄ±ä»¯ºÍÇ÷ÊÆ¡£±ÊÕßÔÚCiteSpaceÖжԹؼü´Ê½øÐС°°´Ê±ÇøÏÔʾ¡±´¦Àí£¬µÃµ½¹æ»®ÀàÆÚ¿¯µÄÑо¿Ê±¼äÐòÁзÖÎöͼÆ× ( ͼ 4)¡£Í¼ÖÐÔ²ÐνڵãµÄ´óС´ú±í׏ؼü´ÊƵ´Î±ä»¯Âʵĸߵͣ¬Á¬Ïß±íʾ¹Ø¼ü´ÊÖ®¼äµÄ¹²´Ê¹Øϵ¡£´ÓÕû¸öʱÇøͼÉÏÄܹ»¿´³ö¹æ»®Ñо¿ÈȵãÔÚ²»Í¬Ê±Æڵķ¢Õ¹¹ì¼£¡£½áºÏϵͳµ¼³öµÄƵ´Î±ä»¯ÂʽϸߵÄÖ÷Ìâ´ÊÐÅÏ¢±í½øÐзÖÎö£¬Í¨¹ýÖ÷Ìâ´ÊµÄʱ¼äÐòÁÐͼÆ×£¬½«¸ßƵÖ÷Ìâ´Ê°´Ê±¼ä·Ö²¼Í³¼ÆÈç±í4Ëùʾ¡£
ͨ¹ý·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬2010 ¡« 2011 Ä꣬¹æ»®ÀàÆÚ¿¯µÄÑо¿Ö÷Ì⸲¸ÇÃæ½Ï¹ã£¬°üÀ¨¿Õ¼ä¹æ»® (Spatial Planning)¡¢Æøºò±ä»¯ (Climate Change)¡¢ÍÁµØÀûÓà (Land Use)¡¢³ÇÊиüР(Urban Renewal) ºÍÈ«Çò»¯ (Globalization) µÈºê¹Û»°Ì⣬»¹Óеط½²ÎÓë (Local Participation)¡¢ÁÚÀï(Neighborhood)¡¢¸ÐÖª (Perception) ºÍÉçÇø·¢Õ¹ (Community Development)µÈ΢¹Û»°Ì⣻2012 ¡« 2014 Ä꣬Ñо¿Ö÷ÌâÖ÷Òª¼¯ÖÐÔÚÁ½·½Ã棺һÊÇÒÔÉú̬ ѧ (Ecology)¡¢¾°¹Û¹æ»® (Landscape Planning)¡¢Éú̬ϵͳ (Ecosystem) ºÍÉúÎï¶àÑùÐÔ (Biodiversity) µÈΪÖ÷µÄ³ÇÊÐÉú̬ѧÑо¿£»¶þÊÇÒÔµØÀíÐÅϢϵͳ (Geographic Information System)¡¢¿Õ¼ä·ÖÎö (Spatial Analysis)¡¢»Ø¹é·ÖÎö (Regression Analysis) ºÍ Êý Öµ Ä£ÐÍ (Numerical Model) µÈΪÖ÷µÄÑо¿·½·¨Ì½Ë÷£¬¶ø½¡¿µ (Health)¡¢¹«¹²ÎÀÉú(Public Health)µÈÑо¿Ò²Öð½¥ÐËÆð£»2015 ¡« 2017 Ä꣬Ñо¿Ö÷ÌâÏà¶Ô½ÏÉÙ£¬ÉÐδ³öÏֽϴó¹æÄ£µÄдÊƵ£¬µ«ÂÌÉ«»ù´¡ÉèÊ©(Green Infrastructure)¡¢´àÈõÐÔ(Vulnerability)¡¢¾°¹Û±ä»¯ (Landscape Change)µÈ»·¾³Ïà¹ØÖ÷Ì⣬¹«Æ½(Equity)¡¢»·¾³ÕýÒå(Environmental Justice)¡¢½¨³É»·¾³(Built Environment)¡¢¹«ÖÚ̬¶È(Public Attitude)µÈÉç»áÑо¿Ïà¹ØÖ÷ÌâÖð½¥³ÉΪеÄÑо¿·½Ïò¡£
£¨Èý£©Ñо¿ÄÚÈÝ·ÖÀà
ͨ¹ý¶Ô¸ßƵÒýÓÃÎÄÕÂÑо¿Ö÷Ìâ¼°Ñо¿ÄÚÈݵÄÊáÀí£¬±ÊÕß½«Æä·ÖΪ¡°³ÇÊÐÉú̬ÓëÆøºò±ä»¯¡±¡°³ÇÊÐÐÎ̬Óë³ÇÊи´ÐË¡±¡°µØ·½·¢Õ¹ÓëÉçÇø¹æ»®¡±¡°¹«ÖÚ²ÎÓëÓëµØ·½ÖÎÀí¡±¡°³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆÓ빫¹²¿Õ¼ä¡±¡°½¨³É»·¾³ÓëÎÀÉú½¡¿µ¡±¡°³ÇÊÐÎÄ»¯Óë´´Òâ²úÒµ¡±7¸ö·½Ãæ¡£
1.³ÇÊÐÉú̬ÓëÆøºò±ä»¯
½üÄêÀ´£¬È«ÇòÆøºò±äůÒý·¢ÁËһϵÁÐÆøºòºÍ»·¾³ÎÊÌ⣬³ÇÊеÄÉú̬»·¾³¹æ»®Ò²Óɴ˵õ½Á˸ü¶àµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÈȵºÐ§Ó¦ÊdzÇÊÐÉú̬µÄÍ»³öÎÊÌâ¡£ZhouµÈÈ˶԰ͶûµÄĦµÄÑо¿·¢ÏÖÈȵºÐ§Ó¦¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýƽºâ²»Í¬ÍÁµØ¸²¸ÇÃæ»ýÒÔ¼°ÓÅ»¯Æä¿Õ¼äÅäÖÃÀ´»º½â£»Xin µÈÈËͨ¹ý¹«Ô°Ö²±»ºÍÐÎ×´Ö¸ÊýÀ´Ô¤²â¹«Ô°µÄÈȵºÇ¿¶È£¬Ìá³öÉè¼ÆÁ¹Ë¬µÄ¹«Ô°À´µÖÏûÈȵºÐ§Ó¦µÄ½¨Ò飻´Ó³ÇÊо°¹ÛµÄ½Ç¶È³ö·¢£¬Patricia GoberµÈÈËÈÏΪûÓÐÒ»¸ö¾°¹ÛÉè¼ÆÄܹ»½â¾öÈÕÒæÑÏÖصÄÆøºòÎÊÌâ¡£
×÷ΪÉç»á¡¢¾¼Ã¡¢×ÔÈ»¸ß¶È¸´ºÏµÄÉú̬ϵͳ£¬Ò»Ð©Ñ§Õß´Ó³ÇÊÐÉú̬ϵͳµÄÊӽǽâÊͳÇÊÐÉú̬ÎÊÌâ¡£ÀýÈ磬DobbsµÈÈËÀûÓóÇÊÐÊ÷ľºÍÍÁÈÀÖ¸±ê£¬ÔÚ¶à¸öʱ¿Õ³ß¶ÈÉ϶ԳÇÊÐÉÁÖµÄÉú̬ϵͳ·þÎñ½øÐÐͳ¼Æ·ÖÎö£¬ÒÔÁ¿»¯¡¢¼à²âºÍÆÀ¹ÀÉú̬ϵͳ·þÎñ£»Radford µÈÈËÈÏΪ³ÇÊл¯½ø³ÌÖÐÉú̬ϵͳ·þÎñµÄÍË»¯ÊÇÎÞ¿ÉÕùÒéµÄ½á¹û£¬´ÓÒµÕßÓ¦½øÒ»²½Á˽âÉú̬ϵͳµÄ֪ʶÌåϵÒÔ±ã½â¾öÏà¹ØÎÊÌâ¡£
2.³ÇÊÐÐÎ̬Óë³ÇÊи´ÐË
³ÇÊÐÐÎ̬Ñо¿Ò»Ö±Êǹ滮½ç¹Ø×¢µÄ»°Ì⣬Ëæ×ųÇÊеķ¢Õ¹ÒÔ¼°Ð¼¼ÊõÊֶεÄÔËÓ㬳ÇÊÐÐÎ̬Ñо¿µÄ²àÖص㷢ÉúÁ˱仯¡£Ò»Ð©Ñ§ÕßÒÔ³ÇÊÐÀ©ÕÅÊÓ½Ç̽¾¿³ÇÊз¢Õ¹ÐÎ̬ÓëÖÜΧÆäËûÒòËصĹØϵ£¬ÈçSchwarz¡¢EcheniqueµÈÈËͨ¹ýÑо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬³ÇÊÐÐÎ̬ÓëÉú»î·½Ê½¡¢È˿ڱ仯µÈÒòËØÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø£»ÔÚ³ÇÊн»Í¨·½Ã棬HamidiµÈÈËÀûÓþ«È·µÄ½ô´ÕÐÔÖ¸ÊýºÍÀ©ÕÅÖ¸ÊýÑéÖ¤Á˳ÇÊÐÀ©ÕŶԽ»Í¨ÔËÊäµÄÓ°Ï죻Stevens·¢ÏÖ´ó¶àÊý½ô´ÕÐÔ¿ª·¢¶Ô³ÇÊн»Í¨µÄÓ°Ïì²¢²»ÏÔÖø¡£´ËÍ⣬ҹ¼äµÆ¹âÖ¸ÊýºÍÔª°û×Ô¶¯»úµÈм¼Êõ¡¢Ð·½·¨ÔÚ³ÇÊÐÐÎ̬Ñо¿ÖÐÒ²µÃµ½Á˹㷺ӦÓá£
»¹ÓÐһЩѧÕ߽϶àµØ¹Ø×¢³ÇÊÐË¥ÂäÎÊÌ⣬Èç Pallagst µÈÈË̽ÌÖÁ˹滮·ç¸ñÔÚÓ¦¶ÔÊÕËõ³ÇÊÐÖеı仯Óë¸ïС£ÔÚÓ¦¶Ô³ÇÊÐË¥ÂäµÄ´ëÊ©Ñо¿·½Ã棬³ÇÊÐÅ©ÒµµÄ×÷ÓÃÊܵ½Á˹Ø×¢£¬ÈçThibertÈÏΪ³ÇÊÐÅ©ÒµÊôÓڹ滮·¶³ë£¬µ«ÃæÁÙ×ÅÎÄ»¯¡¢·¨Âɺͼ¼Êõ·½ÃæµÄÌôÕ½£»PaddeuÈÏΪ³ÇÊÐÅ©ÒµÔÚ´«Í³¹æ»®»úÖÆϲ»Ó¦Ã¤Ä¿ÊµÊ©¡£ÁíÍ⣬ͨ¹ýÑо¿ÖÐÐÄÇøÓë±ßÔµÇøµÄ¹Øϵ£¬Buhnik̽ÌÖÁËÖÐÐÄÇøµ¼ÏòµÄ½ô´ÕÕþ²ß¶Ô½¼ÇøË¥ÂäµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
3.µØ·½·¢Õ¹ÓëÉçÇø¹æ»®
×ÔÓ¢¹ú¡¶µØ·½Ö÷Òå·¨°¸¡·½«È¨Á¦×ªÒƵ½ÉçÇøÒÔÀ´£¬ÉçÇø¹æ»®³£ÓëµØ·½·¢Õ¹½áºÏÆðÀ´¿¼Á¿¡£Sturzaker µÈÈËͨ¹ý·ÖÎöµØ·½ÉçÇø×ÔÉí¹æ»®ÄÜÁ¦ºÍÉϼ¶Ô¼Êø³Ì¶È£¬Ì½ÌÖÁ˵ط½Ö÷Òå¹æ»®µÄºÏÀíÐÔ¡£ÒÔ¶àÔª»ìºÏ´´Ôì¸ü¼Ó¾ùºâµÄÉçÇø£¬ÊÇʵÏÖÉç»á¿É³ÖÐøÐÔµÄÖØÒªÊֶΣ¬Òò´ËHamiduddinͨ¹ýÈÃÄêÇá¾ÓÃñÈÚÈëÀÏÄêÉçÇø¡¢ValeµÈÈ˶ԻìºÏÊÕÈëס·¿½øÐзÖÀàµÈÑо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬¶àÔª»ìºÏÉçÇøÔÚ´´Ôì¸ü¼Ó¾ùºâµÄÉç»á·þÎñºÍÉçÇø»ù´¡ÉèÊ©·½Ãæ·¢»Ó×ÅÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óá£
²»¶Ï±ä»¯µÄÐÎÊƸøÉçÇø·¢Õ¹Ìá³öÁËеÄÌôÕ½¡£ÆäÖУ¬Öвú½×¼¶»¯ÏÖÏó¶ÔÉçÇøµÄÓ°ÏìÌرðÃ÷ÏÔ£¬Èçס·¿µÖѺÊê»ØȨµÄɥʧ¼ÓËÙÁËס·¿¹ýÂ˹ý³Ì£¬ÓÈÆäÊǾÓÃñµÄÖÖ×åºÍ¾¼ÃÁ÷¶¯£»¶øס·¿¼Û¸ñµÄÉÏÉýÒ²½µµÍÁËLGBTÉçÇøµÄ°üÈÝÐÔ¡£ÁíÍ⣬×ÔÈ»ÔÖº¦µÄÇÖϮʹÔÖºóÖؽ¨Òý·¢ÈËÃǵĹØ×¢¡£Í¨¹ý¿¼²ìÄÏÂõ°¢ÃÜì«·çÔÖºóÇé¿ö£¬Zhang µÈÈËÈÏΪס·¿»Ö¸´¹ì¼£È¡¾öÓÚÉçÇøÈË¿Ú¡¢Éç»á¾¼ÃºÍס·¿ÌØÕ÷£¬²»µ±µÄ´¦Àí»á¸øÔÖºóÉçÇø½¨Éè´øÀ´Á¬Ëø·´Ó¦£»Penny AllanÈÏΪÔÖºóÉçÇøµÄÊÊÓ¦ÐÔÓë³ÇÊпռäÐÎ̬¹ØϵÃÜÇУ¬µ¯ÐԵijÇÊÐÐÎ̬»áÔÚÔÖºó·¢»Ó¸ü´óµÄ×÷Óá£
4.¹«ÖÚ²ÎÓëÓëµØ·½ÖÎÀí
È«Çò»¯Ê±´úµÄµ½À´´Ù½øÁ˵ط½ÖÎÀíµÄÐËÆ𣬲»Í¬ÖÎÀíÖ÷Ìå¼äµÄÐÉ̶Ի°ÓëºÏ×÷¹²Ó®Ìá¸ßÁËÈËÃǵIJÎÓëÒâʶºÍ»¥¶¯¾«Éñ¡£ÆäÖУ¬¶àÔªÖ÷ÌåµÄºÏ×÷¹Øϵ¼°¹«ÖÚ̬¶È³ÉΪÑо¿Èȵ㡣Goldstein µÈÈË»ùÓÚÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕߵĺÏ×÷¹ØϵʵÏÖÁËÍøÂçÐͬЧӦ£¬²¢½«ÆäÔËÓõ½ÉçÇøµÄ¹æ»®Êµ¼ùÖУ¬´ïµ½ÁËÐͬÖÎÀíµÄÄ¿µÄ£»VandenbusscheµÈÈ˽è¼ø¹Øϵ±çÖ¤·¨ÀíÂÛ£¬Ñо¿ÀûÒæÏà¹ØÕßÔÚÐͬ¹æ»®ÖеĶ¯Ì¬¹Øϵ£»BaldassareÔòͨ¹ý¼ìÑ鹫ÖÚ¶Ô½ô´ÕÐÍ·¢Õ¹µÄ̬¶È£¬ÆÀ¹ÀÁ˽ô´ÕÐÍģʽµÄ·¢Õ¹·½Ïò¡£
ËäÈ»¹«ÖÚ²ÎÓëʹ³ÇÊй滮±äµÃ¸ü¼Ó͸Ã÷ºÍ¿ª·Å£¬µ«µØÓòÎÄ»¯µÄ²îÒìÒ²Ó°ÏìÁËÆäʵ¼ù¡£SturzakerÈÏΪ£¬Î÷·½µÄÁÚÀïÖÎÀíÀíÂÛÊÇÔÚÒ»¸ö¶àÔªÉç»á×é֯ģʽµÄ±³¾°Ï´´Ôì³öÀ´µÄ£¬²»ÄÜÖ±½ÓÔËÓõ½ÒÑÓм¸Ç§Ä괫ͳ¡°°ë¹Ù·½Ãñ¼ä×éÖ¯¡±µÄÖйúÓï¾³ÖÐÀ´¡£ChengµÈÈË´ÓÐͬ¹æ»®ÀíÂ۵ĽǶȳö·¢£¬·¢ÏÖÓÉÓÚȱ·¦×¨ÒµÈËÔ±µÄ¹ÜÀí£¬Òâ¼û²îÒìµ¼Ö¹²Ê¶µÄÔ¶À룬¶àÔªÖ÷ÌåÖ®¼äÍùÍùÒÔÅúÆÀ¡¢Æ«¼ûºÍ¹«ÖÚÐÅÈεıÀÀ£¶ø¸æÖÕ¡£
5.¹«¹²¿Õ¼äÓë³ÇÊÐÉè¼Æ
½üÄêÀ´£¬¹«¹²¿Õ¼äÐèÇó¼°Æ乫¹²ÊôÐÔ³ÉΪÑо¿Èȵ㣬²¢Îª³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆÕßÌṩÁËеÄ˼·¡£ÀýÈ磬Johansson·¢ÏÖ³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆÖÊÁ¿¿Éͨ¹ý²½ÐÐÇé¸ÐÌåÑéÀ´µ÷Õû£¬Òò´ËÇé¸ÐÌåÑé¿ÉÒÔÖ¸µ¼³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆÀ´Âú×ã¾ÓÃñµÄ²½ÐÐÐèÇó¡£Ò²ÓÐѧÕßÒÔÌØÊâȺÌåµÄÐèÇóÀ´¿´´ý¹«¹²¿Õ¼äÓë³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆµÄ¹Øϵ£¬ÈçGreed´ÓÅ®ÐÔÔÚ¹«¹²²ÞËù¹©Ó¦·½ÃæµÄÐèÇó£¬ÌÖÂÛÁËÈçºÎ½«²ÞËùÉèÊ©ÄÉÈëÈ«ÊÐÕ½ÂԹ滮ÖУ¬Ôö¼Ó³ÇÊÐÉè¼ÆµÄ°üÈÝÐÔ£»Patricia·¢ÏÖÄ°ÉúÈËÖ®¼äµÄÉç»á»¥¶¯Ö÷Òª·¢ÉúÔÚ¿ª·ÅºÍ°ë¿ª·ÅµÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬Ôڿռ䡢»î¶¯¡¢Ê±¼äºÍ¹ÜÀíÉϾßÓÐÇ¿ÁҵĹ«¹²ÐÔ£¬¿É½è´ËÍêÉƳÇÊÐÉè¼ÆÀíÂÛ¡£
¹«¹²¿Õ¼äÒòÆäÌØÊâµÄ¹«¹²ÊôÐÔ¶øÒýÆðÁËÉçÇø°²È«¼°ÁÚÀﻥ¶¯·½ÃæµÄÌÖÂÛ¡£DongµÈÈËͨ¹ýÑо¿¹«¹²¿Õ¼äµÄ¿Éͨ¹ýÐÔºÍÁÚÀﰲȫµÄÏà¹ØÐÔ·¢ÏÖ£¬½ÖÇøͨ¹ýÐÔºÍÈëÊÒµÁÇԵķ¢ÉúÂʾßÓÐÏÔÖø¹Øϵ£¬½ô´ÕµÄÉçÇøÍùÍùµÁÇÔºÍÇÀ½ÙÂʽϵͣ¬ÓµÓиü¶à¹«¹²¿Õ¼äµÄ¿ª·ÅÉçÇøÓë½Ï¸ßµÄÇÀ½ÙÂÊÓйأ»¶øAleksandra KazmierczakÔòÈÏΪÁÚÀ↑·Å¿Õ¼ä(ÓÈÆäÊÇÂÌÉ«¿Õ¼ä)ΪÈËÃǵĻ¥¶¯ÌṩÁË»ú»á£¬ÀûÓÚÈËÃǽ¨Á¢Á¼ºÃµÄÁÚÀï¹Øϵ¡£
6.½¨³É»·¾³ÓëÎÀÉú½¡¿µ
×÷Ϊ´Ù½ø¹«ÖÚÌåÁ¦»î¶¯ºÍ½¡¿µµÄÖØÒªÒòËØÖ®Ò»£¬½¨³É»·¾³ÔÚËÜÔì¾ÓÃñ½¡¿µ¸£ìí·½ÃæµÄ×÷ÓÃÉæ¼°µ½³ÇÊй滮¡¢ÉçÇø»·¾³¡¢½¨ÖþÉè¼ÆµÈ²»Í¬³ß¶È£¬²¢³ÉΪ³ÇÊй滮Ö÷¶¯¸ÉÔ¤¹«ÖÚ½¡¿µµÄÖØÒªÇÐÈëµã¡£ÔÚ³ÇÊвãÃ棬Sarkar µÈÈ˽«¡°³ÇÊн¡¿µÉú̬λ¡±×ªÎªÒ»ÖÖ¹«¹²ÎÀÉúºÍ½¡¿µ³ÇÊй滮µÄз½·¨£¬ÕûºÏÁ˳ÇÊÐÌåϵÖв»Í¬²ã´ÎµÄ½¡¿µÒòËØ£»ÔÚÉçÇø²ãÃ棬WellsµÈÈËÈÏΪ¾ÓÃñµÄ½¡¿µ×´¿öÓëÉçÇø¹æ»®¹ØϵÃÜÇУ¬¹æ»®¾ö²ßÖ±½ÓÓ°ÏìסլºÍÉçÇøÆ·ÖÊ£¬¶ø¼ÒÍ¥ºÍÉçÇøµÄ»·¾³ÌØÕ÷ÓÖÖ±½Ó»ò¼ä½ÓµØÓ°ÏìÈËÃǵÄÉíÐĽ¡¿µ£»ÔÚ½¨Öþ²ãÃ棬Joh µÈÈËÈÏΪ½¨ÖþºÍÉç»á»·¾³ÒòËØ»áÓ°ÏìÈËÃǵIJ½ÐÐÒâÔ¸£¬Òò´Ë²½ÐвßÂÔÓ¦Óë¹æ»®Éè¼ÆÏà½áºÏ£¬ÒÔ¹ÄÀø¾ÓÃñÉ¢²½¡£
7.³ÇÊÐÎÄ»¯Óë´´Òâ²úÒµ
ÎÄ»¯Óë´´ÒâÔÚ³ÇÊеķ¢Õ¹ÖÐÓÐ×ÅÖØÒª×÷Óã¬Òò´ËÐí¶à³ÇÊпªÊ¼´´½¨¡°´´Òâ³ÇÊС±£¬´òÔì×Ô¼ºµÄÎÄ»¯Æ·ÅÆ¡£ÔÚºê¹Û²ãÃ棬Grodach µÈÈËÑо¿ÁËÆì½¢ÎÄ»¯ÏîÄ¿±¾ÍÁ»¯µÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ£¬ÈÏΪÆì½¢ÎÄ»¯ÏîÄ¿¸ß¶ÈÒÀÀµÓÚ¸÷ÖÖ»·¾³ÒòËØ£¬Ó¦¶¨Î»ÓÚ³ÇÊÐÏÖÓеÄÒÕÊõºÍÏà¹ØµÄÉÌÒµ»î¶¯¡£ÔÚ΢¹Û²ãÃ棬ÉçÇøÎÄ»¯½¨ÉèÒ²µÃµ½Á˽϶à¹Ø×¢£¬Èç Stern µÈÈË̽Ë÷ÁËÉçÇø´´Ò⾼öԳÇÊÐÕþ²ß¡¢¹æ»®ºÍÑо¿µÄÓ°Ï죻Grodach Ôò̽ÌÖÁËÒÕÊõ¿Õ¼äλÖá¢×éÖ¯ºÍ¹ÜÀíµÈÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄÜ»áÏÞÖÆÉçÇøÎÄ»¯Ó뾼õķ¢Õ¹Ç±Á¦¡£´ËÍ⣬ͨ¹ý¶ÔÎÄ»¯½ÚÈÕµÄÑо¿£¬GibsonµÈÈËÈÏΪÇøÓòÐÔµÄÉçÇøÎÄ»¯½ÚÇì»î¶¯¿ÉÒÔ²úÉú¾Þ´óµÄÉç»á¾¼ÃЧÒ棬Ëüͨ¹ý¾ÍÒµ¡¢Ö¾Ô¸·þÎñºÍ²ÎÓëʹµ±µØÉçÇø½ôÃÜÏàÁ¬¡£
ÄãÔÚ´ÓÊÂÏà¹ØµÄʵ¼ùô£¿Äã¶ÔÕýÔÚ×öµÄÊÂÇé¸Ð¾õÈçºÎ£¬ÊDz»ÊÇÇ÷ÊƵÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¿»¶Ó´ó¼ÒÁôÑÔÌÖÂÛ
±¾Õ¾·¢Ìû¡¢ÁôÑÔ¹¦ÄÜÒѹرգ¬½»Á÷»¶Ó¼ÓÈë¹ú½³³Ç֪ʶÐÇÇòAPPÌÖÂÛ¡£ÖªÊ¶ÐÇÇòΪѧϰÐ͸¶·ÑÉçȺ¡£ÔÚ¸÷´óÓ¦ÓÃÉ̵êËÑË÷¼´¿ÉÏÂÔØ°²×°¡£Î¢ÐÅɨÂë¼ÓÈë¡££¨ÂÛ̳Àཻ»¥ÍøÕ¾ÒѲ»Âú×ãÏà¹ØÕþ²ßÒªÇó£¬Òò´Ë·¢ÌûÓëÁôÑԹرգ¬¸Ðл´ó¼ÒµÄÀí½â£©
³ÇÊй滮ѧÉç
299Ôª/Äê
¹úÍÁ¿Õ¼äѧÉç
99Ôª/Äê
³ÇÊÐÊý¾ÝѧÉç
299Ôª/Äê
¹æ»®¹ÜÀíÑÐÌÖ
50Ôª/Äê
»Ø¸´
5»Ø¸´
µ¹Ðòä¯ÀÀ
µ¹Ðòä¯ÀÀ
ÕýÐòä¯ÀÀ
°×½ð°æ007
·¢±íÓÚ 2019-7-23 13:26:30
|
À´×ÔÊÖ»ú
|
ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã
|
¾Ù±¨
ÔÚ×ö¿ª·ÅУ԰Ïà¹ØÑо¿
À´×ÔÆ»¹ûAPP¿Í»§¶Ë
»Ø¸´
Ö§³Ö
·´¶Ô
liyifan
·¢±íÓÚ 2019-4-5 17:32:32
|
ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã
|
¾Ù±¨
²»´í ÊܽÌÁË
»Ø¸´
Ö§³Ö
·´¶Ô
aaa879114092
·¢±íÓÚ 2019-4-2 14:08:09
|
ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã
|
¾Ù±¨
ÔÚУѧÉú£¬Á˽âÁË
»Ø¸´
Ö§³Ö
·´¶Ô
today26
·¢±íÓÚ 2019-2-28 13:24:04
|
ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã
|
¾Ù±¨
×î½ü°ëÄêµÄʱ¼äÒ»Ö±ÔÚ×ö´åׯµÄÏà¹Ø¹æ»®£¬³£³£ÊÇשǽ±»Ë¢ÉÏÒ»²ãË®Ä࣬ȻºóСʱºò´åÀïµÄÄÇÖÖÍÁǽ±»»»³Éשǽ£¬¸Ð¾õºÜÎÞÁ¦¡£
»Ø¸´
Ö§³Ö
·´¶Ô
Bernard-Xiong
·¢±íÓÚ 2019-2-26 17:53:26
|
À´×ÔÊÖ»ú
|
ÏÔʾȫ²¿Â¥²ã
|
¾Ù±¨
ѧϰÁË
À´×Ô°²×¿APP¿Í»§¶Ë
»Ø¸´
Ö§³Ö
·´¶Ô
¸ß¼¶Ä£Ê½
B
Color
Image
Link
Quote
Code
Smilies
ÄúÐèÒªµÇ¼ºó²Å¿ÉÒÔ»ØÌû
怬
|
×¢²á·½Ê½
±¾°æ»ý·Ö¹æÔò
·¢±í»Ø¸´
¿ìËٻظ´
5
·µ»ØÁбí
·µ»Ø¶¥²¿